The main difference lies in their obligation and timing. Hajj is a mandatory pilgrimage for every Muslim who is physically and financially able, performed only during specific days in the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah. It’s one of the five pillars of Islam. Umrah, on the other hand, is a voluntary pilgrimage that can be performed at any time of the year (except during the Hajj days) and is shorter in duration, involving a subset of Hajj rituals.

Traditionally, a woman is required to travel with a Mahram (a close male relative like her father, brother, husband, or son) for Hajj and Umrah. However, contemporary interpretations and rulings by some scholars and authorities in some countries allow women aged 45 and above to perform Hajj or Umrah without a Mahram, provided they travel with an organized, trustworthy group and have their family’s permission. It’s essential to check the most current regulations of the Saudi Arabian government and consult with local Islamic scholars for the latest guidance.

Umrah is a shorter pilgrimage, typically taking just a few hours to complete the rituals once you arrive in Makkah. Hajj is a more extensive journey, with its main rituals spanning five to six days (from the 8th to the 12th or 13th of Dhul-Hijjah). However, pilgrims often spend more time in Saudi Arabia for travel, preparation, and visiting other holy sites like the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah, making the entire trip last anywhere from 10 days to several weeks.